Everything about Manipravalam totally explained
Manipravalam (- 'ruby coral') was a literary style used in medieval liturgical texts in
South India, in which a
Dravidian language is mixed with
Sanskrit. This was prevalent in
Vaishnavite religious literature in
Tamil Nadu and literary works in general in
Kerala. Manipravalam literally means 'gem and coral', meaning a mixture of two languages. In Tamil Nadu the manipravalam was a combination of
Tamil and
Sanskrit, while in Kerala it was the mixture of
Malayalam and
Sanskrit.
As Tamil
Vatteluttu, didn't have characters to represent the Sanskrit Sounds,
Grantha Letters were used to represent Sanskrit Sounds. Native words and grammatical endings were written using vatteluttu, and Sanskrit words were written using Grantha. Essentially, It was a kind of Hybrid Script comprising both Vatteluttu and Grantha Charecters were used to write Manipravalam.
Various hagiographies on the life of the Vaishnava saint
Ramanuja were in manipravalam.
Lilathilakam, a work on grammar and
rhetoric, written in the last quarter of the 14th century in Kerala discusses the relationship between Manipravalam and Pattu as poetic forms. It lays special emphasis on the types of words that blend harmoniously. It points out that the rules of Sanskrit
prosody should be followed in Manipravalam poetry. This particular school of poetry was patronized by the upper classes, especially the
Namboodiris.
Dramatic performances given in
Koothampalams, known by the names of
Koothu and
Koodiyattom, often used Sanskrit and Malayalam. In Koodiyattom, the clown (vidooshaka) is allowed to use Malayalam while the hero recites slokas in Sanskrit.
Tholan, a legendary court poet in the period of the
Kulasekhara kings, is believed to have started this practice. The language of
Kramadeepikas and
Attaprakarams, which lay down the rules and regulations for these dramatic performances, is considerably influenced by the composite literary dialect of Manipravalam.
Further Information
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